The Works Cited section appears at the end of your paper and lists all the research materials you have used. Notice that the first line of each source is indented 1 cm; the second and following lines are flush with the left-hand margin.
Left-hand margin
Works Cited
BOOK BY ONE AUTHOR
Cook, David A. A History of Narrative Film. New York: Norton,1981.
BOOK BY TWO OR THREE AUTHORS
Robb, David M. and Jessie J. Garrison. Art in the Western World. 4th ed. New York: Harper, 1963.
BOOK BY THREE OR MORE AUTHORS
Bailyn Bernard, et al. The Great Republic. Lexington: Heath, 1977.
AN EDITED BOOK
Seller, Maxine S. ed. Ethnic Theatre in the United States. Westport: Greenwood, 1983.
BOOK BY A CORPORATE AUTHOR
Committee of Public Finance. Public Finance. New York: Pitman, 1979.
REFERENCE BOOK ARTICLE (encyclopedia)
"Solar Energy." World Book Encyclopedia. 1985 ed.
WEEKLY MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Begley, Sharon. "A Healthy Dose of Laughter." Newsweek 4 Oct. 1982: 74-6.
MONTHLY MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Crickmer, Barry. "Can We Control Spending?" Nations Business April 1982: 22-4.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paolucci, Anne E. "Comedy and Paradox in Pirandello's Plays." Modern Drama 20 (1977): 321-39.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Kerr, W. "When One Inspired Gesture Illuminates the Stage." New York Times 8 Jan. 1984, late ed.: sec. 2: 1+.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Soldan, Theodore J., and James D. Spain. Population Growth. Computer simulation software. Conduit, 1984.
ONLINE INFORMATION SERVICE*
Schomer, Howard. "South Africa: Beyond Fair Employment." Harvard Business Review May-June 1983: 145+. DIALOG file 122, item 119425 833160.
E-MAIL, ELECTRONIC DISCUSSION LISTS, MOOS*
Dowling, Nancy. Personal e-mail to the author. 9 May 2000.
WEB SITE*
Burka, Lauren P. "A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions." MUD History. http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/lpb/mud-history.html (pub. date: 5 Dec. 1994).
FTP DOWNLOAD*
Bruckman, Amy. "Approaches to Managing Deviant Behavior in Virtual Communities." ftp.media.mit.edu pub/asb/papers/deviance-chi94.zip (downloaded 4 Dec. 1994).
*NOTE: Electronic reference formats are recommended as "best practice." The formats suggested follow the basic format of the MLA Style Sheet and are endorsed by the Alliance for Computers and Writing. Analogous to traditional references, the purpose of an electronic citation is to provide enough information that the reader can locate your electronic sources and verify their authenticity. The basic components are: Author's Last Name, Author’s First Name. "Title of Work." Title of Complete Work. [protocol and address] [path] (date of message, e-journal publication or document, last update of web page, copyright date or date of your access. Be sure you specify which date(s) you are listing).
Intext/Parenthetical References - MLA Style
Below are several examples of how sources are documented in the text of the research paper. It is important to document in the text, sources of quotations, ideas or the paraphrasing of parts of an author's work. This documentation is usually known as "intext or parenthetical references". In the MLA format the intext references are keyed to the Works Cited at the end of the paper where they appear in complete bibliographical form. Refer to the examples of "works cited" above.
Functions of parenthetical references within a paper:
Some Examples:
A typical example of an intext reference consists of the author's last name and a page number. Note that the parenthetical references appear before end punctuation.
The colony's religious and political freedom appealed to many idealists in Europe (Ripley 132).
If the author's name or the title of the work is stated in the text, do not include it in the parenthetical reference.
Ripley states that the colony's religious and political freedom appealed to many idealists in Europe (132).
Quotations run in with the text. Parenthetical references appear after the quotation but before the terminal punctuation.
As Ross says, "Penn followed his conscience in all matters" (127).
Question marks or other punctuation which are not part of the quotation go after the parenthetical reference.
We must now ask, as Ross does, "Did Penn follow Quaker dictates in his dealings with Native Americans" (128)?
However, if the question mark or other punctuation is part of the quote, it remains inside the quotation marks.
"What a wonderful little almanac you are Celia!" Dorthea Brooke responds to her sister (7).
For detailed instructions and additional information about the MLA Style, consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 3rd ed. New York: MLA, 1988, The Holt Handbook, 3rd ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1992 or the Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1990.
Adapted from various web-based style guides following MLA style recommendations.
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